Criminology And The Main Schools Of Thought, Classicism...

The study of criminology has emerged during the last two centuries and it is, as such, one of the youngest social sciences. This essay will explore the history of criminology and discuss two of the main schools of thought, classicism and positivism. While humanity has always been concerned with philosophical questions such as â€Å"Who am I?† (Plato) the search for answers has become more concrete and accessible during the era of Enlightenment. As society began to gradually turn away from the church and religion, and towards rational thinking and the sciences, theorists like Beccaria sought to change the criminal justice system with ideas that were quite controversial at the time. Since courts and judges were practically free to punish however they saw fit, justice was mainly a matter of wealth. This resulted in sentences being too harsh and inconsistent, depending on the social class of the offender. The punishments were based on Christian beliefs of revenge and retribution(Newburn 2007: 115). As such, it is no surprise that theorists during the era of Enlightenment found this system to be a source of controversy. They sought to install a new system that would bring justice to all by ensuring to limit the barbaric nature of punishment through the means of a regulated and systematic approach to punishing crimes, and not judge criminal acts on whether they are â€Å"good† or â€Å"evil†, but measured in relation to the harm they inflicted on individuals and society. One of the firstShow MoreRelatedCriminology1427 Words   |  6 Pages(Siegal, 2010) (McLaughlin amp; Muncie, 2005) Criminology 211 Essay This essay topic consists of two main components. The first requires you to demonstrate your knowledge of and a familiarity with the theory/perspective and the second requires you to demonstrate an understanding of its application (in either policy or practice) and the impact of its application. i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly identify the main features and concepts of radical criminology. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Critically discuss theRead MoreThe Lost Boyz Analysis1047 Words   |  5 Pagesdescend into the criminal lifestyle, ultimately attributing them to two key criminological theories; classicism and positivism (Newburn, 2017). Classicist criminology, or the classical approach to criminal behaviour is centred around the idea of free will and rational thinking, defining the criminal as â€Å"someone who exercises free will and rationality† (Newburn, 2017:125). Rollins’s attributions to classicism are concentrated around the works of Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham (Carrabine et al, 2014)Read MoreCriminology : A Strange Beast1582 Words   |  7 PagesCriminology is a discipline that has a variety of other disciplines which seek to construct and theorise explanations and possibilities as to why crime occurs in particular places, ways and too and by certain people. Due to differing field areas interlinking Newburn (2013: 6) described criminology as ‘a strange beast’ by coherently joining conflicting disciplines to try and theorise crime. Walklate (2011) suggested the other disciplines are not only a wide variety but are also highly thought provokingRead MoreSocial Constructionism, Positivism and Classicism Essay1826 Words   |  8 PagesWith reference to the materials in Block 1 – and using your own words – compare and contrast: * classicism * positivism * social constructionism The role of theory in contemporary youth justice practice is crucial in shaping and conceptualising relationships between youth and crime. It provides a structure for how youth justice is practiced and helps make sense of today’s issues surrounding the topic. Approaches to youth justice have evolved throughout the centuries and it is importantRead MoreClassical Theory And Psychological Positivism1557 Words   |  7 Pagesresolve criminal behaviour prevails through history, manifesting in constantly evolving theories through the annals of Criminology. The modern crime depicted in the scenario portrays the dual aspects of both the offender as an individual and the offense of robbing a local convenience store. This scenario may be analysed through the two schools of Classical theory and Psychological Positivism, relating to the perpetual debate that has sparked the revisionist stream of criminological theories which has culminatedRead MoreEffective And Ethically Defensible Methods Of Reducing Crime2344 Words   |  10 Pageschemical and surgical castration. Biological theories Positivism, in relation to criminology, can be separated into three types: Biological (Lombroso), Psychological (Freud), and Social (Park, Durkheim). The purpose of positivism is to find objective facts, based on a scientific approach, â€Å"requiring direct empirical evidence and its careful analysis†. A predecessor to Positivism was Classicism, formulated by Beccaria. The principle of classical criminology is that there is a rational decision in the criminal’sRead MoreEssay on Criminology2267 Words   |  10 PagesFiguring out why people commit crimes is one of the central concerns of criminology. Do most criminals act rationally after weighing the costs of crime? Is society ever to blame for an individual to commit a crime? Do mental diseases or even genetics factor into whether a person will live a life of crime. Over the years, many people have developed theories to try to answer these questions. In fact, the number of theories of why people commit crimes sometimes seems to equal the number of criminologistsRead MoreCritical Study of Strict Implementation of Parole in Kenya2896 Words   |  12 PagesParole is whereby a prisoner is granted an early release from prison as a result of exhibiting good behavior for a certain period of time. This is derived from the French phrase parole d’honneur, whose translation in English is â€Å"word of honor.† The main purpose of parole is that it is an alternative method of sentencing and rehabilitating an offender which is only awarded to the well behaved prisoners, the offenders should also have a higher probability of successfully reentering the community.

The Forgotten American Dream Is It Still Alive

The Forgotten American Dream Do you believe in the American Dream? Is it still alive? Or just a memory from the past? The American dream is not as clearly defined as it seems and with time it has changed a great deal. Therefore, there is not a clear answer to these questions, but opinions of how the American Dream is contributing to society’s aspects. The American Dream was an aspect of American society that encouraged people to better themselves and pursue their happiness. As America progressed into the imperial nation it is today the American dream evolved with it, instead of just wanting to use the opportunity to be stable Americans they wanted to exceed the limits and become extraordinary. â€Å"Aspiring for financial success is an important aspect of capitalist cultures...Financial success had long been a core component of the American Dream, and many of the values modeled and encouraged by modern society suggest that the success and happiness depend on procuring monetary wealth† (Better). During the 1920’s this was mostly achieved by gaining wealth and seeking a better living. However it was not solely money that completed the American Dream, the idea of the the dream was not just self indulgence, but part of creativity and innovation to be the best person they can be (Amadeo). The Melting Pot was a large infl uence on the American Dream because it was what immigrants entering America felt and what their expectations of the country were. â€Å"Indeed, more than 60 millionShow MoreRelatedRacism in America Today Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagesyour eyes and see reality. Rapper Kanye West once said â€Å"racism is still alive, they just be concealing it† and these words are everything but false. You must ask yourself the real question about racism and it is how could you ever cure such a thing in people’s minds? People are free to think and believe what ever they would like and old habits such as racism will never change in people. 1619, a date remembered by most African Americans (Afroamhistory). This date symbolizes the year when people wereRead MoreDeath Of The American Dream Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of the American Dream. The promise that the American dream will bring happiness is a delusion, which many people have become victims to from being inspired by the propaganda and the false hope which it creates. The four texts, The Great Gatsby directed by Baz Luhrmann Fight Club written by Chuck Palahniuk, American Beauty directed by Sam Mendes and Revolutionary Road, directed by Sam Mendes give proof to this claim as they illustrate the reality of the dream which is that it is the end ofRead MoreThe And Hotel On The Corner Of Bitter And Sweet By Jamie For By James D. Houston1056 Words   |  5 PagesSummer Reading Essay Nineteen forty one. The year thousands of Japanese and Americans remember. The year that the United States had finally declared war on the Empire of Japan after Pearl Harbor attacks. Thousands of Japanese-Americans put inside austere camps, hoping one day the war can end and their freedom begin. In the two works, Farewell to Manzanar by James D. Houston and Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet by Jamie For, each portrays the struggles throughout the certain time period. FarewellRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Speech914 Words   |  4 Pages’s speech, there was a very â€Å"heavy† racism issue in the United States. African-Americans saw themselves being victimized by a corrupted system. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of many civil rights activists that came out during that period, in the middle of the 20th century. â€Å"I have a Dream† speech symbolized the chaos in 1963; Martin Luther King Jr. used it to give hope to the hundreds of thousands of African-Americans who marched for freedom, and also to create a vision of better times to come.Read MoreA Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes1736 Words   |  7 Pages All Langston Hughes ever wanted was for people to have their dreams accomplished and the motivation to bring change forward. However, Hughes’s dreams almost came tumbling down for speaking out in one of his poems. In 1940, Hughes had been investigated by the FBI following the release of his poem â€Å"Goodbye Christ†. Numerous accusations had arisen, stating Hughes â€Å"†¦[was a] member of the Communist Party, [ran] for public office, called for a race war, married a white woman, and studied CommunismRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov987 Words   |  4 PagesRussian society in the early 1900s. The use of Firs’ memories lends the reader a sense of the lost generation. Servants before the Liberation are named the lost generation because they never experienced life beyond servitude. Firs says, â€Å"I’ve been alive a long time ... and when the Liberation came I was already chief valet. But I wouldn’t have any Liberation then; I stayed with the master.† (22) Firs is referring to memories of what most of the lost generation did after the Liberation. Like Firs,Read MoreThe Holocaust Of Night By Elie Wiesel991 Words   |  4 Pagesmurdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust.   Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.†(pg.32) This thesis is related to the purpose because since Wiesel is a holocaust survivor, it showcases the horrors of the Holocaust and the effects it had on the surviving victims. The subject of Night is important to the study of U.S history because it occurred in a period of time that will never be forgotten and that impacted every part of theRead MoreAmerica: Our Past, Present, and Future. Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica. It was a dream come true in a New World that was envisioned by artists, politicians, and monarchs alike. The ones who believed that anything could be achieved by God, the mind, and manpower. Even through opposition from governments, kingdoms, nobles, and naysayers, these brave individuals strived to establish a better life for themselves and their families, aimed to retain a secure future in the process, and wanted to worship God in their own way. They had the courage to cross unknown oceansRead MoreNeuman Malik. Ms. Vritsios. Eng3Uo. Apace Behold Dives.1550 Words   |  7 Pagesshare common themes. The main characters of the novels are Gatsby and Pi, they share common goals. Gatsby and Pi go through isolation and put out love with hope to achieve the American dream. Gatsby and Pi are characters who never give up in achieving their goals. â€Å"Inside every rich man is a poor kid that followed his dreams.† Quote by Sandile Shezi. Shezi as a child used to sell muffins on the street, now at twenty-three years old he is a self-made millionaire. Shezi is the co-founder of Global ForexRead More Ecology Lab Report: Creating an Ecosystem in a Bottle Essays1934 Words   |  8 Pagesis still a medium shade of yellow. The fish and crickets are still moving. The plants look a bit unhealthy but otherwise fine. The flowers are beginning to bloom. Day 4 5/29/07 The water is a medium dark color. The fish is still moving. The plants looked chewed up. Day 5 5/30/07 The water has become dark yellow. I can?t tell if the fish is alive. The crickets are still moving. Day 6 6/4/07 The water is a dark yellow. The plants are growing mold. 1 cricket is still alive when

Apple vs Samsung free essay sample

Apple or Samsung? Along with the rapid development of science and technology, electronic products has became a very important part of our life. And there are many electronic companies in the world such as Apple, Sony and Samsung. Apple and Samsung are two of the most famous electronic companies in the world. They both produce abundant kinds of electronic products such as smartphones, tablets and computers. So there are many comparisons of these two companies products. In 2011, there is a lawsuit of Apple accused the Samsung that they damage their many patents in samrtphones and tablets fields (Jackson, 3). Also Apples complaint included specific federal claims for patent infringement, false designation of origin, unfair competition, and trademark infringement, as well as state-level claims for unfair competition. (Jackson, 4)Although Apple won the lawsuit, however after that the Samsung accused Apple as well. And these lawsuits are still continuous. These make people pay more attention of the comparison of the two companies. News agencies, lawyers, inventors, computer geeks, consumers and businesses are all gabbing about what this case means. What will be the ramifications after the appeals have finalized, and the dust settles? Will intellectual property be protected? Will innovation continue to stun the world? Will consumers pay the price for this tech war? What are the boundaries of inventions? Not surprisingly, there are at least ten different answers for each of these questions depending on what expert is answering the question. The consensus as to what the future of technology will hold is far from being reached. When these cases world wide have finished throwing money, legal arguments and death looks at one another we may find the truth. This paper will attempt to look at what Intellectual Property is, what the Apple vs. Samsung is about, and what it will mean for not only the United States of America, but also the rest of the world. The phrase intellectual property refers to the bundle of legal rights that arise from the creative genius of the human mind†¦ IP rights protect ones ownership interest in intangible objects, such as the idea behind an invention, the music score for a Broadway play and the name or logo used to brand a product. † (Peterson 2012) Intellectual Property is not a new idea. It has been around for at lease 1500 hundred years. â€Å"One of the first known references to intellectual property protection dates from 500 B. C. E. when chefs in the Greek colony of Sybaris were granted year-long monopolies for creating particular culinary delights†¦ From Roman times to the birth of the Florentine Republic, however, there were many franchises, privileges, and royal favors granted surrounding the rights to intellectual works. † (Moore 2011) As far as scholars can determine, there weren’t any formal institutions protecting intellectual property, only the informal examples outlined above. One of the first statutes recognizing the rights of authors and inventors to their intellectual efforts was issued by the Republic of Florence in 1421. This statute built in an incentive mechanism, which is a prominent aspect of intellectual property protection of common law states today. The United States upon the creation of its colonies and its constitution instituted a federal law protecting intellectual property modeled after the English System. There are arguments both for and against protecting intellectual property. Those who argue for it claim that those who create are justified in maintaining the rights to both their labor and merit. Without intellectual property rights, social progress and innovation would flounder. Rights to intellectual property provide incentives to move us forward economically. There are others who argue that assert that it is inconsistent with the commitment of our country to freedom of thought and speech. It maintains that intellectual property restricts the flow and expression of ideas, holding us back as a society. Is denying access to society fair especially when it is for the greater good? On the whole, however, the merits and debates supporting intellectual property win out over the dissenters. For the most part, it is agreed upon that protection of IP foster a competitive marketplace by encouraging disclosure of innovation. This disclosure, however, protects companies and individuals for a designated period of time, but allows others to build and improve upon prior innovation. This incentive mechanism forces creative individuals to share their genius with society which in turn endorses evolutions and new developments and without these benefits provided by IP protection, the marketplace would not operate as effectively. â€Å"Without enforcement of these rights in the law, it would be difficult for society to prosper and grow. † (Peterson 2012) There are four main types of intellectual property protected under U. S. law; patents, trademarks, trade-secrets and copyrights. The Apple vs. Samsung case, although extremely complicated and convoluted mainly covers patents. Patents are intended to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale a product that is described in the patent claim. It gives the patent owner the exclusive right. â€Å"It is important to note that a patent does not give the patent owner the right to exploit the patented invention himself. The patent owner has only the exclusive right to stop others from doing so. † (Peterson 2012) Much of what we in the U. S. have been hearing about is the case decided in California. However, this technology war is not exclusive to America. In fact, there are cases in at least ten countries worldwide. The reason for this being, that intellectual property protections are not uniform. When an individual or a company applies for a patent within the U. S. , the protection only extends to the borders. Once a company stretches past the borders of The States, and goes global, it must apply for intellectual protection in each country it is attempting to sell within. â€Å"There is often no consensus ithin countries on the appropriate approach and when the economic interests of different nations may dictate a different balancing of interests in the IPR law. † (Wallerstein, Schoen Mogee, 1993) Although there are calls to make intellectual property rights uniform, each country has their own interests to protect, and has their own ideas about the extent of protecting intellectual properties. The U. S. is o ne of the strictest supporters of intellectual property rights, and for that reason, a jury of nine has ruled in favor of Apple to the tune of $1. 05 billion. Samsung has appealed, however, so the battle is far from over. Apple, the second largest seller of smartphones is in ongoing litigation with Samsung, the largest seller of smartphones about seven distinct patents. These patents covered everything from the â€Å"pinch and zoom† to â€Å"bounceback† effect seen when scrolling. â€Å"There are two types of patents at stake: utility patents, which control the features a phone or tablet can have, and design patents, which cover how they look. † (Bosker Grandoni , 2012) According to The Verge, Apple’s final arguments went as follows,Steve Jobs shocked the world with the iPhone, changing the trajectory of the mobile industry. He framed Samsung, however, as a company with a stagnant line-up of products that faced faltering sales after the introduction of Apples device. Samsungs solution? A three-month dash to design what would become the original Galaxy S. In those three months Samsung was able to copy and emulate the worlds most successful product, he said. They have spent a billion dollars mimicking our designs and holding it out to the world so the Apple design is no longer seen as unique. It took Apple five years to create this revolution, and Samsung took three months to copy it. Thats truth, and thats simple, clear, and undisputed. (Bishop 2012) Samsung argued that Apple was trying keep all competitors out of the game unfairly. One of Apple’s major claims was that the products were so alike, that customers were mistakenly purchasing Samsung’s smart phones thinking that they were iPhones. But Samsung’s closing attorney claimed that this customer confusion was folly. The fact is consumers make choices, not mistakes theres no deception, theres no confusion, and Apple has no credible evidence of it. Apple, he said, thinks its entitled to ave a monopoly on a rounded rectangle with a touchscreen. (Bishop 2012) Samsung has claimed that their technology is altogether different and has in turn sued Apple for patent infringements. The American jury in the end, found Samsung guilty of willfully violating three of the utility patents, and six of the seven on trial. What Apple could not convince the jury of was that Samsung had violated a patent o n the physical design of the iPad. However, it was able to skillfully and successfully defend its claim to the rectangular rounded edges and rounded backs that was the original look of the iPhone previous to the iPhone 4. The case was less about the money, and more about setting an example. Apple’s message to world was that it’s innovations couldn’t just be copied without consequences and that a fair marketplace was one where competitors competed with new inventive products not reconstructed ones. The implications of this case are intricate, and knotty but that doesn’t stop the speculation from going rampant. Wall street reacted to the news by increasing the price of Apple’s shares and decreasing the prices of Google and Samsung’s shares. One thing that is clear, the verdict marked a victory for Apple on several different levels, not only did it solidify it’s iron grip on the majority of it’s features, but it also sent a warning shot to it competitors to back off before Apple comes after them as well. Although the damages Samsung owes Apple is a large sum, most of Samsung’s devices that were found to infringe upon Apple’s patents are older models, and, its important to note that Samsung’s current flagship phone, the Galaxy S III, was not included in the case.

Understand How Schools Upload Their Aims and Values free essay sample

# Governors: †¢ Governors are responsible for the approval of the E-Safety Policy and for reviewing the effectiveness of the policy. This will be carried out by the Governors receiving regular information about e-safety incidents and monitoring reports. †¢ A member of the Governing Body has taken on the role of E-Safety . The role of the E-Safety Governor will include: †¢ regular meetings with the E-Safety Co-ordinator / Officer †¢ regular monitoring of e-safety incident logs regular monitoring of filtering / change control logs †¢ reporting to relevant Governors committee / meeting Headteacher and Senior Leaders: †¢ The Headteacher is responsible for ensuring the safety (including e-safety) of members of the school community, though the day to day responsibility for e-safety will be delegated to the E-Safety Co-ordinator / Officer – Mrs J. Besaw †¢ The Headteacher / Senior Leaders are responsible for ensuring that the E-Safety Coordinator / Officer and other relevant staff receive suitable CPD to enable them to carry out their e-safety roles and to train other colleagues, as relevant †¢ The Headteacher / Senior Leaders will ensure that there is a system in place to allow for monitoring and support of those in school who carry out the internal e-safety monitoring role. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand How Schools Upload Their Aims and Values or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is to provide a safety net and also support to those colleagues who take on important monitoring roles †¢ The Senior Leadership Team / Senior Management Team will receive regular monitoring reports from the E-Safety Co-ordinator †¢ The Headteacher and another member of the Senior Leadership Team / Senior Management Team should be aware of the procedures to be followed in the event of a serious e-safety allegation being made against a member of staff E-Safety Coordinator †¢ leads on esafety †¢ takes day to day responsibility for e-safety issues and has a leading role in establishing and reviewing the school e-safety policies / documents †¢ ensures that all staff are aware of the procedures that need to be followed in the event of an e-safety incident taking place. †¢ provides training and advice for staff †¢ liaises with the Local Authority †¢ liaises with school ICT technical staff receives reports of e-safety incidents and creates a log of incidents to inform future e-safety developments †¢ meets regularly with E-Safety Governor to discuss current issues, review incident logs and filtering / change control logs †¢ attends relevant meeting / committee of Governors †¢ reports regularly to Senior Leadership Team Network Manager / Technical staff: †¢ EDIT is responsible for ensuring: that the school’s ICT infrastructure is secure and is not open to misuse or malicious attack †¢ that users may only access the school’s networks through a properly enforced password protection policy, †¢ that he / she keeps up to date with e-safety technical information in order to effectively carry out their e-safety role and to inform and update others as relevant †¢ that the use of the network / Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) / remote access / email is regularly monitored in order that any misuse / attempted misuse can be reported to the E-Safety Co-ordinator / Officer /Headteacher / Senior Leader / Head of ICT / ICT Co-ordinator / Class teacher / Head of Year †¢ That there is a procedure for authorising a request for website to be whitelisted or blacklisted before requesting this at [emailprotected] gov. uk †¢ Teaching and Support Staff †¢ are responsible for ensuring that: they have an up to date awareness of e-safety matters and of the current school e-safety policy and practices †¢ they have read, understood and signed th e school Staff Acceptable Use Policy / Agreement (AUP) †¢ they report any suspected misuse or problem to the E-Safety Co-ordinator / Officer /Headteacher / Senior Leader / Head of ICT / ICT Co-ordinator / Class teacher / Head of Year (as in the section above) for investigation / action / sanction †¢ digital communications with students / pupils (email / Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) / voice) should be on a professional level and only carried out using official school systems †¢ e-safety issues are embedded in all aspects of the curriculum and other school activities †¢ students / pupils understand and follow the school e-safety and acceptable use policy †¢ students / pupils have a good understanding of research skills and the need to avoid plagiarism and uphold copyright regulations †¢ they monitor ICT activity in lessons, extra curricular and extended school activities †¢ they are aware of e-safety issues related to the use of mobile phones, cameras and hand held devices and that they monitor their use and implement current school policies with regard to these devices †¢ in lessons where internet use is pre-planned students / pupils should be guided to sites checked as suitable for their use and that processes are in place for dealing with any unsuitable material that is found in internet searches Designated person for child protection / Child Protection Officer †¢ should be trained in e-safety issues and be aware of the potential for serious child protection issues to arise from: †¢ sharing of personal data †¢ access to illegal / inappropriate materials †¢ inappropriate on-line contact with adults / strangers †¢ potential or actual incidents of grooming †¢ cyber-bullying E-Safety Committee †¢ Members of the E-safety committee (or other relevant group) will assist the E-Safety Coordinator / Officer (or other relevant person, as above) with: †¢ the production / review / monito ring of the school e-safety policy / documents. the production / review / monitoring of the school filtering policy (if the school chooses to have one) Students / pupils: †¢ are responsible for using the school ICT systems in accordance with the Student / Pupil Acceptable Use Policy, which they will be expected to sign before being given access to school systems †¢ have a good understanding of research skills and the need to avoid plagiarism and uphold copyright regulations †¢ need to understand the importance of reporting abuse, misuse or access to inappropriate materials and know how to do so †¢ will be expected to know and understand school policies on the use of mobile phones, digital cameras and hand held devices. They should also know and understand school policies on the taking / use of images and on cyber-bullying. †¢ should understand the importance of adopting good e-safety practice when using digital technologies out of school and realise that the school’s E-Safety Policy covers their actions out of school, if related cto their membership of the school Parents / Carers †¢ Parents / Carers play a crucial role in ensuring that their children understand the need to use the internet / mobile devices in an appropriate way. Research shows that many parents and carers do not fully understand the issues and are less experienced in the use of ICT than their children. The school will therefore take every opportunity to help parents understand these issues through parents’ evenings, newsletters, letters, website / VLE and information about national / local e-safety campaigns / literature. Parents and carers will be responsible for: †¢ endorsing (by signature) the Student / Pupil Acceptable Use Policy †¢ accessing the school website / VLE / on-line student / pupil records in accordance with the relevant school Acceptable Use Policy. Community User †¢ Community Users who access school ICT systems / website / VLE as part of the Extended School provision will be expected to sign a Community User AUP before being provided with access to school systems. 8 9 10 11

Ace Essays - 9, DraftCarson Hill, Mline Manouchian,

Ace Personal Essay My name is Annie Chapman and I am sixteen years old. I started my life in 1983, in Los Angeles, actually in a suburb called Culver City. From the hospital I moved into a house on Lucerne Ave with my father Alan Berftman, my mother Mary Lee Chapman, and my older brother by four years, Ace. I spent just short of ten years in that same house. While I lived in Culver City I attended a Spanish emersion elementary school called El Rinclon. There I learned to speak Spanish as a second language. A month before my tenth birthday my parents decided to move to the small town of Little Stone. They took ownership of an old hotel called the Winnemucckah. So into the Winnemucckah we moved. I began third grade at the local school called Oten Valley after Christmas break. After living in the big city I was amazed at how small Little Stone was compared to Los Angeles. After three years of living in the hotel my parents got a divorce. My father then moved back to Los Angeles with an old Army-buddy. Once my father left, my mother, brother, and I moved into a house only a block from the hotel. I was going into I think 7th grade at this time, and Ace was going to Youngton High School as a sophomore. The summer before 8th grade I decided to become a Christian. This was the most important decision I'll ever make and I made it made it because I believe. While in Junior High I participated in a lot of sports such as basketball, volleyball, and snowboarding. It was in these areas that I really got to know the three girls who would someday become my very best friends-Christine Grossman, Emily Whitman, and Robin Otanza; they all played sports with me and were also in my classes. In 8th grade Robin started to go to Youngton as a freshman, but our friendship remained. Ace graduated in 1996 from Youngton School. He went on to Loyola Marymount College for three weeks after which he dropped out and joined the Marine Corps. I was proud of Ace the whole time and while he was in the Marines our relationship grew form fighting siblings to respected friends. When I was a freshman I truly grew to love my brother. All throughout my freshman and sophomore years I continued to snowboard but stopped playing team sports due to a disease in my knees. I really found a love in snowboarding which I still have. When I snowboard I feel free and without any boundaries. I started to snowboard more than the usual once every other week. I would find ways to go on the weekend too, and whenever someone would drive me. It has become a passion of mine. Throughout high school I've managed to remain friends with Christine and Emily. I had every class with them and would do things with them everyday after school was out. I love spending time with them; it's one of my favorite pastimes. They've supported me in such things as the Lions Club Speech Contest and 4-H and whatever else I would try to do. They are now more like my sisters because I see them everyday. This year I'm going to a different school then two of my best friends which so far is really weird. I miss seeing them in every class and at lunch. Today was only my first day of school and they were both sitting on my couch before they even had to get up so they could see me off to Lone Pine. I plan on keeping these two friendships the rest of my life. Along with close friends, I have a close-knit family. I see my father about twice a month at least and the same with my grandma, especially now with my grandpa gone. I love to spend time with my aunts and their families. We always have a blast. My brother and I have maintained our close friendship and even with him overseas we talk a lot more than some of my friends who have their brothers in the house. He's a great guy. In my sixteen years I've been able to

Definition and Examples of Sarcasm

Definition and Examples of Sarcasm Sarcasm is a mocking, often ironic or satirical remark, sometimes intended to wound as well as amuse. Adjective: sarcastic. A person adept at using sarcasm is sarcastic. Also known in rhetoric as  sarcasm and the bitter taunt. Sarcasm, says  John Haiman,   is  a particularly transparent variety  of cheap talk or hot air insofar as the speaker is overtly meaning (and saying) the opposite of what he or she ostensibly claims to be saying (Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language, 1998). Pronunciation: sar-KAZ-um ​​​Etymology: From the Greek, bite the lips in rage Examples and Observations Oh, a sarcasm detector. That’s a really useful invention!(Comic Book Guy, The SimpsonsOh, Lou, my mother would whine, dressed for a cocktail party in her muted, earth-tone caftan. Youre not going to wear that, are you?Whats wrong with this? hed ask. These pants are brand-new.New to you, shed say. Pimps and circus clowns have been dressing that way for years.(David Sedaris, The Womens Open. Naked. Little, Brown and Company, 1997Dr. House: So youre treating professional sports injuries now?Patient: Oh, no, Im not . . .Dr. House: . . . familiar with the concept of sarcasm. Dont sweat it, its new.(Dying Changes Everything, House, M.D.Abed: Another muffin basket, from another actress who wants to be in my next film.Jeff: Does that work?Abed: Yep. Meryl Streep has two Oscars because of her baking. Ah, thats sarcasm, but I forgot to inflect. This sounds way more like sarcasm. Inflection is so interesting.[Abed should have said intonation, not inflection.](Danny Pudi as Abed and Joel McHale as Jeff in Communication Studies. Community, Feb. 11, 2010 Neither irony or sarcasm is argument.(Samuel Butler)First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic. Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.(John Haiman, Talk Is Cheap: Sarcasm, Alienation, and the Evolution of Language. Oxford University Press, 1998 Irony and Sarcasm Classical rhetoricians admired irony as a rhetorical device primarily because of its ability to engage the audiences interest. . . .However, as Aristotle pointed out, irony frequently implies contempt for its target and therefore it must be used carefully. Moreover, while Aristotle observed that irony befit[s] a gentleman, he warns that to be most effective, [t]he jests of the ironical man [should be] at his own expense, not at the expense of others. . . .For example, when [Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Antonin Scalia accuses] the Court of misleadingly describing its previous sex-classification cases, Scalias sarcasm is patent: The wonderful thing about these statements is that they are not actually falsejust as it would not be actually false to say that our cases have thus far reserved the beyond a reasonable doubt standard of proof for criminal cases, or that we have not equated tort actions, for all purposes to criminal prosecutions. He is equally sarcastic elsewhere.(Michael H. Frost, Introduction to Classical Legal Rhetoric: A Lost Heritage. Ashgate, 2005) Contrary to frequent usage, irony, the device, does not always communicate sarcasm, the effect. The speaker or authors rhetorical goal may be anything from gentle humor, intended to produce a mutual laugh and so establish rapport between speaker and hearer, to corrosive derision meant to insult the audience or reduce a target to a smoking ruin. What is attempted or achieved (the speech act or illocutionary dimension of the utterance) depends, as always, on the variables of the rhetorical situation, and on how the device and its detection contribute to those variables.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion. Oxford Univ. Press, 2011)Let it be first provided that this figure (sarcasmus) be not used without some great cause which may well deserve it, as arrogancie, insolent pride, wilfull folly, shamefull lecherie, ridiculous avarice, or such like, for it is both folly and rudenesse to use derision without cause: but to mocke silly people, innocents, or men in misery, or the poore in distresse, argueth both the pride of the mind, and the crueltie of the heart.(Henry Peachum, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593) Adrian Monk: This is my assistant, Sharona.Ambrose Monk: Hello, we spoke on the phone.Adrian Monk: Oh, so you can dial a telephone! I was worried. I thought you might be paralyzed, or something.Ambrose Monk: I wasnt paralyzed.Adrian Monk: I was being sarcastic.Ambrose Monk: You were being sardonic. Sarcasm is a contemptuous ironic statement. You were being mockingly derisive. Thats sardonic.(Tony Shalhoub and John Turturro in Mr. Monk and the Three Pies. Monk, 2004)Whatever the reason, I was saddled with this strange name, which meant that I was constantly, constantly, being serenaded with the sometimes you feel like a nut Almond Joy/Mounds jingle, which I would have liked to quote in full, except that Hersheys legal staff denied me permission. I can certainly understand why. God only knows what ruin might befall Hersheys if this jinglewhich hasnt been used in two decadeswere suddenly brazenly resurrected by a young Jewish candy freak. One shudders to consider the fallout for the ent ire fragile candy-trademark-jingle trademark ecosystem.(Steve Almond, Candyfreak, 2004) Sarcasm is related to our ability to understand other peoples mental state. It is not just a linguistic form; it is also related to social cognition.(Dr. Shannon-Tsoory, qtd. by David Adam, Highest Brain Areas Spot Lowest Form of Wit. The Guardian, June 2, 2005)Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the devil; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it.(Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, 1833-34) The Lighter Side of Sarcasm Teen 1: Oh, here comes that cannonball guy. Hes cool.Teen 2: Are you being sarcastic, dude?Teen 1: I dont even know anymore.Homerpalooza, The Simpsons) Leonard: You convinced me. Maybe tonight we should sneak in and shampoo her carpet.Sheldon: You dont think that crosses the line?Leonard: Yes. For Gods sake, Sheldon, do I have to hold up a sarcasm sign every time I open my mouth?Sheldon: You have a sarcasm sign?(Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons in The Big Bran Hypothesis. The Big Bang Theory, 2007)Leonard: Hey, Penny. Hows work?Penny: Great! I hope Im a waitress at the Cheesecake Factory for my whole life!Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: No.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Penny: Yes.Sheldon: Was that sarcasm?Leonard: Stop it!(Johnny Galecki, Kaley Cuoco, and Jim Parsons in The Financial Permeability. The Big Bang Theory, 2009)

Fine Tuning Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fine Tuning Argument - Essay Example Moreover, there would only the low density hydrogen would be present which would be get dispersed over time. Consequently, fine tuning argues that such a universe would not have allowed the evolution of life. On the other hand, had the expansion speed been a bit lower, the universe would have collapsed immediately thereby no life could be sustained. In the light of this argument, a life sustaining universe is seen to have emerged because of the presence of just the right conditions (Van Inwagen, 1993). Other parameters that seem to have been fined tuned include the magnitudes of forces, the proton to neutron mass differences and the evenness of early universe (Van Inwagen, 1993). Fine tuning argument advances a hypothesis that the universe resulted from purposeful design (Van Inwagen, 1993). Despite the fact that the designing agent must not have been God, fine tuning holds that God is a center of the fine tuning of different aspects. Peter van Inwagen is one of the proponents of the fine tuning and supports an argument by giving an analogy that if a machine has dials, these dials must be set in a particular way so that it runs in the desired way (Van Inwagen, 1993). ... Van Inwagen gives an analogy where one is presented with a bundle of 1,048,576 straws of varying length and a decree has been issued that unless one pulls the shortest string you are instantly killed. Fortunately one pulls a straw and finds that he is alive and having the shortest straw. According to Van Inwagen, the most reasonable explanation is that the person never drew the straw at random but rather the situation was rigged somehow by unknown benefactor concerned to the person gets the shortest straw. Although van Inwagen notes that there was a probability to pick another straw given that the probability in drawing any of the straws in the bundle, it is not reasonable to argue that something happened due to chance. He argued that whatever is selected is usually the good option and can only be explained that a certain force rigged in the person’s favor. He further asserted that no better explanation existed for the other possibilities that were not picked (van Inwagen, 199 3). This demonstrates that everything is fine tuned to behave in a specific way or to give certain desired results. The analogy used by van Inwagen has been criticized with most of the critics describing the rigging hypothesis as silly. Cowan and Spiegel (2009) note that there various areas of weakness to the analogy of straw lottery and fine tuning. The level of one to accept the explanation that they choose the shortest straw due to the forces of unknown benefactor depends on a prior probability of existence of unknown benefactor who is the agent in rigging the lottery. Given that different belief system, low prior probability of the existence of unknown benefactor translates to the fact